Summary

Analysis of pooled data from 2 placebo-controlled studies (BEAUTIFUL and SHIFT) has revealed an association between resting heart rate in patients with systolic dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular events and death. This risk persists with repeated measurements of resting heart rate, despite adjustment for baseline or prior heart rate measurement. Prior analysis of a third study indicated that these risks persist with time if the elevated heart rate is maintained. The findings of an international consortium of researchers were presented by .