PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Vinall, Phil
ED  - Chaudhuri, K. Ray
TI  - NMS in PD: Dopaminergic and Nondopaminergic
DP  - 2014 Aug 01
TA  - MD Conference Express
PG  - 18--20
VI  - 14
IP  - 15
4099  - http://mdc.sagepub.com/content/14/15/18.short
4100  - http://mdc.sagepub.com/content/14/15/18.full
AB  - The nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and occur across all stages of disease. Often underreported and a key determinant of quality of life, they can occur in conjunction with nonmotor fluctuations (dysautonomic, cognitive/psychiatric, and sensory/pain). NMS in PD may be associated with dopamine deficiency due to degeneration of the substantia nigra, but they may have a nondopaminergic origin as well. This article discusses several of the PD-related NMS, management strategies for patients with PD with nondopaminergic NMS, and the emerging use of animal models to improve treatment of PD-related NMS and learn about early-onset NMS.