Summary

This article reviews several recent studies using focused ultrasound to facilitate treatment of movement disorders and commented on its future. Also discussed are recent Phase 3 studies that assessed disease modification in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), novel technologies to understand the role of circuits and cells in animal models of movement disorders, and the role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), and parkin as genetic risk factors in sporadic PD.