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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article provides an overview of leukemia and myeloproliferative diseases in veterinary medicine. The clinical signs of leukemia can be vague and include lethargy, change in behavior, weight loss, petechiation, cytopenias, and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes or spleen. Often, these cases are detected incidentally, particularly with chronic lymphocytic leukemias.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECompanion Animals\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EVeterinary Medicine\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EOncology \u0026amp; Hematology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EWorking Animals \u0026amp; Livestock\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECompanion Animals\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EOncology \u0026amp; Hematology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EWorking Animals \u0026amp; Livestock\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EAmy N. Schnelle, DVM, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA, gave an overview of leukemia and myeloproliferative diseases in veterinary medicine. The clinical signs of leukemia can be vague and include lethargy, change in behavior, weight loss, petechiation, cytopenias, and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes or spleen. Often, these cases are detected incidentally, particularly with chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs). The survival times for acute leukemias (days to months) are generally worse than for the chronic leukemias (months to years). Biochemistry results can be highly variable. Sometimes, they are normal; however, abnormalities may include hyperglobulinemia, unexplained hypercalcemia, or others related to specific organs that are affected.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAlthough the human criteria and nomenclature were revised by the World Health Organization in 2008, the veterinary classifications have remained unchanged. Acute myeloid leukemia includes myeloblastic, monocytic, and myelomonocytic subtypes. Treatment response is comparable among subtypes, with a survival time ranging from 1 to 4 months. Chronic myeloid leukemia is rare, consisting of many well-differentiated cells. One of the difficulties in diagnosing acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is distinguishing Stage V lymphoma that has spread to bone from a true lymphocytic leukemia that has originated in the bone. The survival time for ALL ranges from 2 to 4 months. In animals with CLL, a lymphocyte count \u0026gt; 20,000\/\u03bcL becomes a cause for concern.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EAcute erythroid leukemias are not as common as in the past. This disease consists of increased blasts with a predominance of erythroid cells, and in cats it is associated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection. Chronic erythroid leukemia, also referred to as \u003Cem\u003Epolycythemia vera\u003C\/em\u003E, is characterized by a very high hematocrit. In these cases, it is important to rule out other possible causes of erythrocytosis. Cases of megakaryocytic leukemias are very rare and usually have a poor prognosis. Chronic megakaryocytic leukemia is also extremely rare and is characterized by essential thrombocytopenia and a platelet count \u0026gt; 1 million\/\u03bcL.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EAtypical cell morphologies are the hallmark of myelodysplasia. Cell characteristics include binucleation, laststage mitotic figures, megaloblastic cells, and hyper- or hyposegmented nuclei. This disorder is also associated with feline retroviruses such as FeLV and may develop into leukemia. Multiple myeloma is a proliferation of plasma cells. Monoclonal gammopathy, lytic bone lesions, light-chain (Bence-Jones) proteinuria, and \u0026gt; 20% plasma cells in bone marrow are the criteria for a multiple myeloma diagnosis.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003ESeveral testing methodologies are used to diagnose and characterize leukemias. A complete blood count provides a white blood cell count and helps determine the presence of concurrent cytopenias or an inflammatory leukogram. Blood smear review identifies blast cells or dysplastic morphology. A bone marrow evaluation provides more cytologic detail and makes it easier to evaluate blast percentages. Cytochemical staining is an older method that has largely been replaced by immune-based methods, but it remains useful in some cases. Different lymphomas, such as B cell lymphoma and T cell lymphoma, can be differentiated with immune-based methods. Flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction are also used to further delineate lymphoproliferative disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EAs leukemia research in humans continues to make advances in research, veterinary medicine is further behind in the field. But, concluded Dr. Schnelle, the hopes in the future are to find correlations with effective therapies and testing for minimal residual disease as well as further research into mutations with prognostic value.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2014 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/25\/9.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzozop\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}