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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article discusses results from a study involving patient-centered focus groups demonstrating that the phenomenon of patient psychological insulin resistance persists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also discussed is how patients\u0027 acceptance of therapies was affected by education about insulin and devices and the cost of the therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EInsulin\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing Diabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EInsulin\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ERobert Powell, MS, University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, presented results from a study involving patient-centered focus groups demonstrating that the phenomenon of patient psychological insulin resistance (PIR) persists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). He also discussed how patients\u0027 acceptance of therapies was affected by education about insulin and devices and the cost of the therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAccording to Powell, although insulin therapy is an important treatment option in patients with T2DM, they often view it in negative terms. This negative perception affects the acceptance of insulin therapy, contributes to PIR, and results in low adherence rates. This can further result in clinical inertia, since providers are reluctant to prescribe insulin for patients who will not use it.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ENumerous educational resources are available to guide educators as they instruct patients, yet patients are still often unaware of the available educational resources on insulin therapy and how improving their knowledge can improve their health. With this in mind, Powell conducted focus groups to explore perceptions and reactions to insulin therapy delivery modes among insulin-naive and insulin-experienced patients with T2DM.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EPowell recruited adults with T2DM (\u2265 18 years; n = 96; insulin-naive patients, n = 49). Twelve focus groups were stratified by insulin status (insulin-naive groups, n = 6), limiting in each group to 10 participants. Focus groups led by certified diabetes educators centered on topics including insulin therapies, acceptance and willingness to take insulin, and barriers to initiation and adherence of insulin therapy. Formal qualitative data analysis confirmed that PIR continues to exist in both insulin-naive and insulin-experienced patients with T2DM. PIR and educational needs were similar in both insulin groups and across races and ethnicities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EResistance to taking insulin was frequently related to specific health concerns. Most participants viewed insulin therapy in negative terms and considered the need to use it as a personal failure. Many patients also expressed concerns about side effects and questioned the need for its long-term use. Patients favored shorter needles and preferred pens versus vials and syringes. However, regardless of the tool, cost was the main barrier for device selection and for acceptance of insulin therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EAnother theme associated with PIR was related to educational resources. Many participants reported having received no demonstration on how, where, and when to inject their insulin. They expressed the importance of learning injection logistics to overcome injection-associated concerns and improve adherence, and those who had received education on injection techniques expressed satisfaction with their health care team.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EPowell conducted an additional focus group with health care providers to examine their barriers. Approximately half of the primary care physicians had questions about how to use and store insulin pens, and many were unaware of needle options. Many reported having insufficient time to provide patients with proper diabetes education.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EPowell concluded that this study highlights an opportunity for diabetes educators to empower patients to take insulin effectively. Diabetes educators in particular can reduce patients\u0027 apprehension toward insulin therapy through demonstrations of the options for insulin administration and through discussions of the potential risks and benefits.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2014 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/26\/17.1.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzov22\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}