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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article presents the results of a study demonstrating that patients, pharmacists, and physicians are often unaware of the importance of control solution use for ensuring glucometer accuracy in individuals with diabetes mellitus who utilize self-monitoring of blood glucose.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EHyperglycemia\/Hypoglycemia Diabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EHyperglycemia\/Hypoglycemia\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EKatherine S. O\u0027Neal, PharmD, and Jeremy L. Johnson, PharmD, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, presented the results of a study demonstrating that patients, pharmacists, and physicians are often unaware of the importance of control solution use for ensuring glucometer accuracy in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who utilize self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003ESMBG is an essential component of therapy for DM, but the accuracy of blood glucose readings is dependent on the accuracy of the glucometer itself and on the user\u0027s technique. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to set accuracy requirements for all meters marketed in the US, many glucometers fail to meet the ISO 2003 accuracy guidelines requiring that 95% of meter test results must be within \u00b1 20% of the true blood glucose level [Freckmann G et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Technol Ther\u003C\/em\u003E 2010; ISO 15197 2003]. The recently updated ISO guidelines, which now require 99% of meter results to fall in the range \u00b1 15% of the true value, have yet to be adopted by the FDA, and will be even harder to meet [ISO 15197 2013]. Many manufacturers also fail to investigate incorrect glucometer readings due to the lack of control solution use by patients or health care providers [Melker RJ. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Care\u003C\/em\u003E 2003].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EWith this in mind, Drs. O\u0027Neal and Johnson conducted a prospective, observational survey-designed study to identify potential barriers to control solution use from the perspectives of the patient, pharmacist, and provider.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThe primary outcomes of the study were to assess the availability of control solution in community pharmacies, determine whether patient demographic factors influenced the use of control solution, and identify whether patient, pharmacist, or prescriber perceptions of control solution use influenced its correct use.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EThe researchers initially visited 25 pharmacies in Tulsa to determine whether they visibly stocked the control solution. They subsequently conducted telephone interviews with pharmacists from these 25 stores, and with 60 patients (age range, 6 to 94 years; mean, 36 years) who had a diagnosis of type 1 (43%; n = 26) or type 2 (57%; n = 34) diabetes of \u2265 1-year duration and who utilized SMBG at least once a week. A web-based survey comprising 32 physicians was also conducted.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EDuring the pharmacy visits, the researchers determined that only 1 of the 25 pharmacies displayed the control solution where it was easily visible. Although all pharmacists were familiar with the control solution, only 61% felt that its use should be part of routine practice, 39% indicated that they stocked the solution, and only 14% always recommended its use.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EAlthough 98% of patients perceived SMBG as an important aspect of achieving glycemic control, only 23% indicated that they used the control solution. Of the remaining 77% who did not use the control solution, 67% were unaware of it, 28% lacked an understanding of it, and 2% indicated that their pharmacy did not stock it. Patients with type 1 DM were significantly more likely to use control solution than those with type 2 DM (38% vs 15%; p = .03; \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E). However, its use was not influenced by time since diagnosis (p = .9), receipt of formal diabetes education (p = .7), testing frequency, or the level of diabetes control (p = .1).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/26\/11\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Control Solution Use by Patients With Diabetes Mellitus\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-1008366628\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Control Solution Use by Patients With Diabetes Mellitus\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/26\/11\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/26\/11\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/26\/11\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/14957\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption attrib\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EControl Solution Use by Patients With Diabetes Mellitus\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cq class=\u0022attrib\u0022 id=\u0022attrib-1\u0022\u003EReproduced with permission from KS O\u0027Neal, PharmD, and JL Johnson, PharmD.\u003C\/q\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EWhereas 62% of physicians were familiar with the control solution, only 56% always recommended its use. This 56% is based on the number of providers who reported that control solution use should be routine practice. This figure also contains collapsed data from always recommending to recommending in certain situations only.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EThe results of this study therefore identify opportunities for diabetes educators to inform patients, providers, and pharmacists about the importance of control solution usage. The researchers concluded that there is a statistical difference between type 1 and type 2 DM patients; however, further research should be conducted to determine if this difference is due to the clinic environment or the education received in the different clinics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2014 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/26\/11.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzoutp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzoutp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}