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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article discusses the findings of a study on the effects of reward-based training on motor learning [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011]. This study represents a completely new way of thinking about that subject in the context of stroke recovery. Training people under a reward-based system led to substantial long-term retention of a newly acquired motor memory\u2014an advantage that developed through stabilization of offline memory gains in subsequent days [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECerebrovascular Disease\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EExtrapyramidal \u0026amp; Movement Disorders\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECerebrovascular Disease\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EExtrapyramidal \u0026amp; Movement Disorders\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENeurology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ESteven C. Cramer MD, University of California, Irvine, California, USA, discussed the findings of a study on the effects of reward-based training on motor learning (originally to be presented by Leonardo G. Cohen, MD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011]. \u201cI think what Leo[nardo] has done has given us a completely new way of thinking about that subject in the context of stroke recovery,\u201d said Dr. Cramer. \u201cI\u0027m not familiar with a study that used reward principles to modulate motor learning, particularly in the long term.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EThe study used a tracking pinch force task to determine the effects of reward versus punishment in training. Right-handed healthy subjects were randomly assigned to a rewarded (n=13), punished (n=12), or neutral control (n=13) training group. Subjects were instructed to pinch a force transducer between the right thumb and index finger so that a red cursor remained within a blue target [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011]. The blue target moved in a pattern similar to a sine wave. Greater force moved the cursor up, and lesser force moved the cursor down.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EBaseline measurements of task performance were taken for all subjects, followed by a training session (4 blocks of 20 trials) under different conditions. Subjects in the rewarded group were told they would earn money based on the amount of time they were on the target, while those in the punished group were told they would lose money for any time off the target. The neutral subjects were told they would receive $40 at the end of the training regardless of the time. Feedback was given after each trial. After training was completed, subjects were tested without the influence of reward or punishment immediately, and after 6 hours, 24 hours, and 30 days.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EMean error was similar across all 3 groups at baseline (p=0.86 for rewarded vs neutral; p=0.91 for rewarded vs punished) and when measured just after training (p=0.77 for rewarded vs neutral; p=0.23 for rewarded vs punished). The groups\u0027 performance began to diverge at subsequent time points. At 6 hours post training, the rewarded group performed significantly better than the other 2 groups (p\u0026lt;0.05)\u2014an effect that persisted through 30 days (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/1\/35\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Effect of Reward and Punishment on Motor Skill Retention After Training\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-653245715\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Effect of Reward and Punishment on Motor Skill Retention After Training\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/1\/35\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/1\/35\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/1\/35\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/12933\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption attrib\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EEffect of Reward and Punishment on Motor Skill Retention After Training\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cq class=\u0022attrib\u0022 id=\u0022attrib-1\u0022\u003EReproduced from Abe M et al. Reward Improves Long-Term Retention of a Motor Memory through Induction of Offline Memory Gain. \u003Cem\u003ECurrent Biology\u003C\/em\u003E 2011;21(7):557\u2013562. With permission from Elsevier.\u003C\/q\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003ETraining people under a reward-based system led to substantial long-term retention of a newly acquired motor memory\u2014an advantage that developed through stabilization of offline memory gains in subsequent days [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011]. Dr. Cramer said, \u201cDay 30 is long-term learning, and it begins to sound relevant to our patients and the kind of plasticity we want to induce through whatever means possible.\u201d According to the authors, training in rewarded conditions may be beneficial both in education and in the treatment of patients with neurocognitive disorders and brain injuries [Abe M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECurr Biol\u003C\/em\u003E 2011].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2013 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/13\/1\/35.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzo3z1\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzo3z1\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}