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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experienced a gradual decline in certain cognitive functions, but the decline was not comparable to mild cognitive impairment, which is a precursor of dementia. The decline in brain volume loss was associated with higher baseline systolic blood pressure, while a decline in executive function was associated with baseline elevated HbA1C in patients with T1D, according to the 4-year follow-up data.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDementias\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECognitive Disorders\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDementias\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECognitive Disorders\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experienced a gradual decline in certain cognitive functions, but the decline was not comparable to mild cognitive impairment, which is a precursor of dementia. The decline in brain volume loss was associated with higher baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), while a decline in executive function was associated with baseline elevated HbA1C in patients with T1D, according to Eelco van Duinkerken, PhD, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, who presented the 4-year follow-up data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EThe study of cognitive decline compared the brain function of 25 patients with T1D and 25 matched controls. All participants had to be free of diseases affecting the brain and psychiatric comorbidities, and had to be right-handed. To explore the theory that microangiopathy is related to cognitive decline, all diabetic patients had proliferative retinopathy as a marker of angiopathy, and diabetes duration of at least 10 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EAt baseline, the mean age for all was \u223c45 years (range, 18 to 56 years), and the mean duration of diabetes was 35 years. The SBP was 133.9 mm Hg in the diabetes group, compared with 126.9 mm Hg in the control group (p=0.045). The baseline HbA1C values were 7.9% and 5.4% (p\u0026lt;0.001) in the diabetes and control groups, respectively.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThere was no difference in general cognitive ability, information processing speed, or attention at follow-up. The researchers noted a slight increase in performance over time in patients with diabetes, but not in the control group; however, this lacked statistical significance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EHowever, an accelerated decrease in executive function was found in T1D patients relative to the controls, which was ascertained by asking the subjects to identify the color of ink or state how many animals they could think of in 2 minutes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EThe changes in brain volume from baseline to follow-up (mean, 4.28 years T1D group; 4.73 years control group) are measured by MRI. The decrease in brain volume was 1.34% in the patients with T1D compared with 0.68% in the control patients (p=0.036).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EThe brain volume loss was most notable in the frontal and central areas of the right hemisphere, which are associated with executive function performance (p=0.021).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EWhile the baseline SBP was found to correlate with brain volume loss and baseline elevated HbA1C was found to correlate with executive function loss, there was no correlation with severe hypoglycemic events. The change in brain volume was not seen in speed-related domains, as some researchers had theorized.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003ET1D patients with angiopathy face the possibility of progressive cognitive decline, which is unrelated to mild cognitive impairment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2013 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/13\/11\/11.1.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nznqjp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}