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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article discusses physical activity in the management of abdominal obesity, as well as the targeting cardiometabolic risk and biologic risk in cardiovascular disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EPrevention \u0026amp; Screening\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic Disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EPrevention \u0026amp; Screening\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic Disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ABDOMINAL OBESITY\u003C\/h2\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ERobert Ross, PhD, Queen\u0027s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, studied the effects of diet or exercise with or without weight loss on abdominal obesity and insulin resistance [Ross R et al. \u003Cem\u003EAnn Intern Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2000; Ross R et al. \u003Cem\u003EObes Res\u003C\/em\u003E 2004]. Obese men and women who exercised and lost weight had the greatest reductions in abdominal and visceral fat. There was no difference in fat reduction between those who dieted with weight loss or exercised without weight loss; however, both groups had significant fat reduction compared with controls. More recently, modest reductions in waist circumference in abdominally obese men, but not in women, were observed in a randomized trial on behavioral, lifestyle-based intervention in clinical settings [Ross R et al. \u003Cem\u003EArch Intern Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2012].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003ESeveral studies provided insight into the comparative benefits of various types of exercise. A recent study showed that individuals who exercise without weight loss have decreased abdominal and visceral fat and waist circumference, increased skeletal muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness, and decreased blood pressure [Ross R, Bradshaw AI. \u003Cem\u003ENature Rev Endocrinol\u003C\/em\u003E 2009]. In a study comparing exercise modalities, aerobic exercise and combined aerobic and resistance exercise significantly improved insulin sensitivity but resistance exercise alone did not [Davidson LE et al. \u003Cem\u003EArch Intern Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2009]. Exercise that had both resistance and aerobic components was optimal (p\u0026lt;0.001 versus resistance exercise alone). A recent meta-analysis provided additional support for the benefits of aerobic exercise concluding that visceral fat was significantly reduced with aerobic but not resistance exercise (p\u0026lt;0.01) [Ismail I et al. \u003Cem\u003EObes Rev\u003C\/em\u003E 2012].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EIndividuals who exercise and lose weight gain the greatest benefits in terms of improved fitness and insulin sensitivity. Aerobic plus resistance exercise provides the greatest fat loss and skeletal muscle increases.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E\n         \u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003ETARGETING CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN CLINICAL PRACTICE\u003C\/h2\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EAccording to lean-Pierre Despr\u00e9s, PhD, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada, targeting health behaviors is at least as important as targeting biologic risk factors for CVD. Visceral adiposity and ectopic fat are key risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Levesque, Despr\u00e9s, and colleagues of Universit\u00e9 Laval found that a 1-year lifestyle modification program in men undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery decreased visceral and intrathoracic adipose tissue volumes and improved glucose and insulin homeostasis, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk profile.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EIn another study conducted at the workplace, a total of 2399 employees participated in the Grand D\u00e9fi Entreprise (GDE). The employees were challenged to eat better, stop smoking, and be more active. The key findings of this 3-month pilot intervention included reductions in mean waist circumference (\u22124.2 cm; p\u0026lt;0.0001), resting blood pressure (SBP, \u22126 mm Hg; DBP, \u22124 mm Hg), heart rate (\u22122 beats per minute; p\u0026lt;0.0001 for all), mean plasma lipid levels (p\u0026lt;0.0001) and increased mean estimated VO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003Emax (+1.4 mL\/kg\/minute; p\u0026lt;0.01). Carriers of hypertriglyceridemic waist (marker of visceral obesity) decreased by 34%. The proportion of employees with prediabetes decreased from 51.5% to 48.0% and healthy employees increased from 43.5% to 47.0%. HbAlC levels decreased in employees with prediabetes (\u22120.1%), untreated diabetes (\u22120.7%), and treated diabetes (\u22120.7%).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EProf. Despr\u00e9s concluded that behaviors, rather than weight, should be targeted for the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, and CVD. A lifestyle modification program with regular physical activity and healthy diet is key to reducing cardiometabolic risk. Achieving lifestyle therapeutic targets results in increased cardiorespiratory fitness and decreased visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat depots, which improves the cardiometabolic risk profile and reduces CV risk.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/16\/14\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022The editors would like to thank the many members of the International Congress on Abdominal Obesity presenting faculty who generously gave their time to ensure the accuracy and quality of the articles in this publication.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-1208282617\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022The editors would like to thank the many members of the International Congress on Abdominal Obesity presenting faculty who generously gave their time to ensure the accuracy and quality of the articles in this publication.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure1\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/16\/14\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/16\/14\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure1\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/13\/16\/14\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/13616\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EThe editors would like to thank the many members of the International Congress on Abdominal Obesity presenting faculty who generously gave their time to ensure the accuracy and quality of the articles in this publication.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2013 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/13\/16\/14.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nznmdp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nznmdp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}