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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EVisceral fat area, abnormal waist circumference, and metabolic abnormalities are closely related. The Japanese diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome are unique. In Japan, metabolic syndrome is defined by an increased visceral fat area (as measured by a waist circumference =85 cm for men, =90 cm for women), plus 2 or more of the usual metabolic abnormalities. The direct association between waist circumference and the number of metabolic abnormalities in men and women is discussed [Takahara M et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Atheroscler Thromb\u003C\/em\u003E 2012].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic Disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic Disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EVisceral fat area, abnormal waist circumference, and metabolic abnormalities are closely related. Mitsuyoshi Takahara, MD, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, explained that the Japanese diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome are unique. In Japan, metabolic syndrome is defined by an increased visceral fat area (as measured by a waist circumference \u226585 cm for men, \u226590 cm for women), plus 2 or more of the usual metabolic abnormalities. The waist circumference criterion is based on data from 12,443 Japanese subjects in the general population showing men and women have 1 or more metabolic abnormalities when their visceral fat area, as measured by CT scan, exceeds 100 cm\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, corresponding to the diagnostic waist circumference cut-offs [Hiuge-Shimizu A et al. \u003Cem\u003EAnn Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2012]. A direct association between waist circumference and the number of metabolic abnormalities in men and women was shown by Takahara and colleagues [Takahara M et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Atheroscler Thromb\u003C\/em\u003E 2012].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EA reduction in visceral fat at 1 year has been associated with improvements in a number of metabolic abnormalities [Okauchi Y et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Care\u003C\/em\u003E 2007]. Furthermore, reduction in visceral fat area was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular (CV) events [Okauchi Y et al. \u003Cem\u003EAtherosclerosis\u003C\/em\u003E 2010].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ELevels of adiponectin, an adipose-derived plasma protein with antiatherogenic and insulin-sensitizing activity, are substantially modulated by obesity and by genetic polymorphisms. A study by Ryo and colleagues found an inverse relation between visceral fat area and adiponectin levels, and a relationship between low adiponectin levels and the increased number of metabolic abnormalities [Ryo M et al. \u003Cem\u003ECirc J\u003C\/em\u003E 2004]. A reduction in visceral fat area led to an increase in adiponectin levels at 1 year in men (p\u0026lt;0.001) and women (p=0.015) [Okauchi Y et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Care\u003C\/em\u003E 2009].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThe APN I164T gene polymorphism was associated with lower adiponectin levels (about two-thirds less than in persons without the polymorphism). Persons with this polymorphism had a significantly higher risk for type 2 diabetes (OR, 10; p\u0026lt;0.01) [Kondo H et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes\u003C\/em\u003E 2002], and for coronary artery disease (about 3%; p\u0026lt;0.05) [Ohashi K et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Am Coll Cardiol\u003C\/em\u003E 2004]. The G276T gene polymorphism was associated with decreased circulating adiponectin levels, which decreased as weight increased [Hara K et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes\u003C\/em\u003E 2002], and increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes [Katakami N et al. \u003Cem\u003EAtherosclerosis\u003C\/em\u003E 2012].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EProf. Takahara stated that adiponectin has a significant and independent relationship with cardiometabolic risk, independent of abdominal obesity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2013 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/13\/16\/9.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nznm5e\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}