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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThere is a small but intriguing number of studies that suggested that the pathophysiology of heart failure is different in women than it is in men. These include the fact that women often have higher left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) [Bhatia RS et al. \u003Cem\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2006; Owan TE et al. \u003Cem\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2006] and more hypertrophy [Kostkiewicz M et al. \u003Cem\u003EInt J Cardiol\u003C\/em\u003E 1999], and are more likely to have dyspnea and edema [Johnstone D et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Cardiol\u003C\/em\u003E 1992].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eheart failure\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EWhile discussing heart failure in women, Deborah L. Crabbe, MD, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, pointed to a small but intriguing number of studies that suggested that the pathophysiology of heart failure is different in women than it is in men. These include the fact that women often have higher left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) [Bhatia RS et al. \u003Cem\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2006; Owan TE et al. \u003Cem\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2006] and more hypertrophy [Kostkiewicz M et al. \u003Cem\u003EInt J Cardiol\u003C\/em\u003E 1999], and are more likely to have dyspnea and edema [Johnstone D et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Cardiol\u003C\/em\u003E 1992]. Women also have a lower risk of death irrespective of the cause of their heart failure [O\u0027Meara E et al. \u003Cem\u003ECirculation\u003C\/em\u003E 2007], stated Monica M. Colvin-Adams, MD, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EJoAnn Lindenfeld, MD, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, noted that there are several gender differences that impact therapy and adverse events in women, including creatinine clearance, lean body mass, metabolism, thrombogenicity, sex hormones, and QT prolongation. She also pointed out that, although women appear to benefit more from angiotensin receptor blockers than men, the relatively small number of women that has been studied limits the interpretation of these data [Ghali JK \u0026amp; Linderfeld J. \u003Cem\u003EExpert Rev Cardiovasc Ther\u003C\/em\u003E 2008].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ECardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy are known to improve survival in patients with heart failure. Jamie B. Conti, MD, Shands Hospital University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, presented data showing that women, however, are significantly less likely than men to receive ICDs and are often underrepresented in device-based efficacy and safety clinical trials. Although the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association guidelines recommend equal treatment for men and women, women also suffer from bias that results in lower referral rates.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EPatricia P. Chang, MD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, spoke about gender disparity in heart transplants. Approximately 25% of recipients are females, while 31% of donors are females. This disparity may be related to women\u0027s lower body mass index, which places physical limits on the use of ventricular assist devices (VAD) as a treatment option. Ineligibility for VAD decreases the United Network for Organ Sharing medical urgency status, thus reducing the chance for timely transplantation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2008 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/8\/2\/21.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzmgpp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}