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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003ESubstance abuse represents an enormous public health problem, and its comorbidity with mental disorders is well recognized. However, many people need specialty treatment for substance abuse problems but do not receive it. This article reviews results from an online interprofessional project demonstrating the effectiveness of interprofessional collaborative practice and its impact on substance use health care in rural areas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Esubstance-related disorders\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EKathryn R. Puskar, DrPH, RN, and Ann M. Mitchell, PhD, RN, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, shared results from an online interprofessional project demonstrating the effectiveness of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) and its impact on substance use health care in rural areas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAccording to Dr Puskar, substance abuse represents an enormous public health problem, and its comorbidity with mental disorders is well recognized. Early screening by health care personnel has been associated with reductions in health care utilization and in criminal and other societal costs [Cuijpers P et al. \u003Cem\u003EAddiction.\u003C\/em\u003E 2004; Wells-Parker E, Williams M. \u003Cem\u003EJ Stud Alcohol.\u003C\/em\u003E 2002; Gentilello LM et al. \u003Cem\u003EAnn Surg.\u003C\/em\u003E 1999]. Nevertheless, she noted that many people need specialty treatment for substance abuse problems but do not receive it.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ETo address this issue in rural areas, Dr Puskar and colleagues aimed to create an easily accessible, 100% online education intervention for the health care workforce. They established a nurse-led interprofessional collaboration to enhance substance use treatment capacity in rural areas. This ongoing project aims to prepare all health professionals to collaborate, with the common goal of building a better, safer patient-centered and community- or population-oriented health care system in the United States. Its approach reemphasizes the importance of teamwork and communication within and among teams.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EMore than 230 rural providers are currently enrolled in the project. This involves public health professionals, nurses, and behavioral health professionals in a variety of community-based organizations, predominantly in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EThis interprofessional practice process comprises 7 steps, 1 of which involves online educational modules. Within 1 module, providers learn the reliable, evidence-based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) approach. The screening component comprises a short set of questions that can be used within a health visit to identify risky or hazardous substance abuse or dependence. Other modules cover issues such as the continuum of substance use, motivational interviewing strategies, and practicing IPCP. Providers also have access to online case study examples and interprofessional dialogue sessions. Pre- and posttest questionnaires are performed online to determine the effect of the education. These include the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (AAPPQ) and the Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire (DDPPQ) [Watson H et al. \u003Cem\u003EAddiction.\u003C\/em\u003E 2007].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EDr Puskar shared data obtained to date, showing changes in the questionnaires\u0027 subscale scores from baseline to the postonline module and postinterprofessional dialogue steps. Significant (\u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; .05) score increases were seen in the subscales of role adequacy, role legitimacy, and role support in the AAPPQ (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E) and role adequacy and role support in the DDPPQ (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F2\u0022\u003EFigure 2\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-267293564\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/15136\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption attrib\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EAlcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cq class=\u0022attrib\u0022 id=\u0022attrib-1\u0022\u003EReproduced with permission from KR Puskar, DrPH, RN.\u003C\/q\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F2\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F2.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-267293564\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 2.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F2.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F2.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 2.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/14\/44\/13\/F2.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/15137\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption attrib\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 2.\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EDrug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire Results\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cq class=\u0022attrib\u0022 id=\u0022attrib-2\u0022\u003EReproduced with permission from KR Puskar, DrPH, RN.\u003C\/q\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EThe Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale [Luecht RM et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Allied Health.\u003C\/em\u003E 1990], an IPCP questionnaire, was also used to measure providers\u0027 perceptions of the interprofessional collaborative project and its importance. According to Dr Puskar, changes in scores from baseline to postdialogue showed that providers\u0027 perceptions of competence and autonomy improved as a result of the collaborative practice project, as did their perceptions of actual cooperation and their understanding of the value of others.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EThe Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale [Reid R et al. \u003Cem\u003EMedical Education.\u003C\/em\u003E 2006] was also used, focusing on providers\u0027 attitudes to interprofessional learning with respect to teamwork, professional identity, and patient centeredness. Although scores on this questionnaire also improved from baseline to postdialogue, Dr Puskar indicated that the increases were not statistically significant.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EInterprofessional education and practice therefore represent an effective way to strengthen substance use treatment capacity in rural areas. In her concluding remarks, Dr Puskar encouraged nurses to improve interprofessional communication, communicate with clients using SBIRT, communicate with team members, and suggest referrals when necessary.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2015 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/44\/13.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzluhq\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzluhq\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}