{"markup":"\u003C?xml version=\u00221.0\u0022 encoding=\u0022UTF-8\u0022 ?\u003E\n    \u003Chtml version=\u0022HTML+RDFa+MathML 1.1\u0022\n    xmlns:content=\u0022http:\/\/purl.org\/rss\/1.0\/modules\/content\/\u0022\n    xmlns:dc=\u0022http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\u0022\n    xmlns:foaf=\u0022http:\/\/xmlns.com\/foaf\/0.1\/\u0022\n    xmlns:og=\u0022http:\/\/ogp.me\/ns#\u0022\n    xmlns:rdfs=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#\u0022\n    xmlns:sioc=\u0022http:\/\/rdfs.org\/sioc\/ns#\u0022\n    xmlns:sioct=\u0022http:\/\/rdfs.org\/sioc\/types#\u0022\n    xmlns:skos=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2004\/02\/skos\/core#\u0022\n    xmlns:xsd=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema#\u0022\n    xmlns:mml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Chead\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_itu2PgFdrjV-docKmLK8Jn5oXe_05RgvQh73eOhI_mE.js\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_at_symbol.js?nzlni2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_article_reference_popup.js?nzlni2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_I8yX6RYPZb7AtMcDUA3QKDZqVkvEn35ED11_1i7vVpc.js\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022\u003E\n\u003C!--\/\/--\u003E\u003C![CDATA[\/\/\u003E\u003C!--\n(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i[\u0022GoogleAnalyticsObject\u0022]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,\u0022script\u0022,\u0022\/\/www.google-analytics.com\/analytics.js\u0022,\u0022ga\u0022);ga(\u0022create\u0022, \u0022UA-15605596-27\u0022, {\u0022cookieDomain\u0022:\u0022auto\u0022});ga(\u0022set\u0022, \u0022page\u0022, location.pathname + location.search + location.hash);ga(\u0022send\u0022, \u0022pageview\u0022);ga(\u0027create\u0027, \u0027UA-189672-26\u0027, \u0027auto\u0027, {\u0027name\u0027: \u0027hwTracker\u0027});\r\nga(\u0027hwTracker.send\u0027, \u0027pageview\u0027);\n\/\/--\u003E\u003C!]]\u003E\n\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022\u003E\n\u003C!--\/\/--\u003E\u003C![CDATA[\/\/\u003E\u003C!--\njQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {\u0022basePath\u0022:\u0022\\\/\u0022,\u0022pathPrefix\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022highwire\u0022:{\u0022markup\u0022:[{\u0022requested\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022variant\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022view\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022pisa\u0022:\u0022spmdc;15\\\/8\\\/14-a\u0022},{\u0022requested\u0022:\u0022long\u0022,\u0022variant\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022view\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022pisa\u0022:\u0022spmdc;15\\\/8\\\/14-a\u0022}],\u0022ac\u0022:{\u0022spmdc;15\\\/8\\\/14-a\u0022:{\u0022access\u0022:{\u0022reprint\u0022:true,\u0022full\u0022:true},\u0022pisa_id\u0022:\u0022spmdc;15\\\/8\\\/14-a\u0022,\u0022atom_uri\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022jcode\u0022:\u0022spmdc\u0022}}},\u0022googleanalytics\u0022:{\u0022trackOutbound\u0022:1,\u0022trackMailto\u0022:1,\u0022trackDownload\u0022:1,\u0022trackDownloadExtensions\u0022:\u00227z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip\u0022,\u0022trackUrlFragments\u0022:1},\u0022ajaxPageState\u0022:{\u0022js\u0022:{\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/jquery.cluetip.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/lib\\\/jquery.hoverIntent.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/lib\\\/jquery.bgiframe.min.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/highwire\\\/highwire\\\/plugins\\\/highwire_markup_process\\\/js\\\/highwire_at_symbol.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/highwire\\\/highwire\\\/plugins\\\/highwire_markup_process\\\/js\\\/highwire_article_reference_popup.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/contrib\\\/google_analytics\\\/googleanalytics.js\u0022:1,\u00220\u0022:1}}});\n\/\/--\u003E\u003C!]]\u003E\n\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Clink type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis randomized, phase 2 trial evaluated PGG beta-glucan, a novel immune modulator, in combination with bevacizumab and carboplatin\/paclitaxel as first-line treatment for patients with stage IV non\u2013small cell lung cancer. Though not statistically significant, the results for the primary and secondary end points favor the PGG beta-glucan\u2013treated group and warrant further study of PGG beta-glucan as an adjunct to bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy regimens.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Enon\u2013small cell lung cancer\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Estage IV\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EPGG beta-glucan\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ebevacizumab, immune cell modulator\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecarboplatin\/paclitaxel\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eoncology clinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ERecent reports show that PGG beta-glucan, a novel immune cell modulator, increased objective response rates in patients with stage IV non\u2013small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when added to the first-line regimen of carboplatin\/paclitaxel (C\/P) chemotherapy and cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted antibody [Schneller F. \u003Cem\u003EJ Thorac Oncol\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014]. Bevacizumab is a vascular endothelial growth factor targeted antibody, approved in both the United States and Europe, for first-line treatment of unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic NSCLC when administered in combination with C\/P chemotherapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAda Braun, MD, PhD, Biothera, Eagan, Minnesota, USA, and colleagues presented results from a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial [Braun A et al. \u003Cem\u003EAnn Oncol\u003C\/em\u003E. 2015] investigating the efficacy of PGG beta-glucan when added to bevacizumab and C\/P combination therapy for previously untreated stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC. The primary end point for this study was an objective response rate, whereas the secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival, time to progression, overall survival, and safety.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EThe investigators enrolled 92 patients between 2009 and 2013 from 12 centers across Germany and the United States, with histologically or cytologically confirmed, previously untreated, stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC. Eligibility required adequate organ function (hematologic, hepatic, renal, coagulation) and an ECOG performance status (PS) of 0 or 1. Patients were randomized 2:1 to bevacizumab plus PGG (n\u2005=\u200561; PGG 4 mg\/kg intravenously; day 1, 8, 15 of each cycle; PGG beta-glucan group) or bevacizumab alone (n\u2005=\u200531; control group) in combination with C\/P for 4 to 6 cycles until documented progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients had either progressed or had completed at least 18 treatment cycles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EBaseline patient characteristics including age, sex, race, time from diagnosis to randomization, and prior treatments (surgery, radiation therapy) were balanced between the PGG beta-glucan and control treatment groups. A higher proportion of patients in the control group than in the PGG beta-glucan group had a good ECOG PS of 0 at baseline (66.7% vs 52.5%). Thus, a better clinical prognosis and clinical outcomes would have been expected in the patients in the control group, because ECOG PS 0 is a major prognostic factor, according to Prof Braun.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EAn objective response was achieved in 29 of 48 (60.4%; 95% CI, 45.3 to 74.2) patients in the PGG beta-glucan group and in 10 of 23 (43.5%; 95% CI, 23.2 to 65.5) patients in the control group (\u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E\u2005=\u2005.2096; \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E). The investigators reported that the tumor size continued to regress post chemotherapy in the PGG beta-glucan maintenance group.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/8\/14.2\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Best Overall Response (Change in Tumor Size) in PGG Beta-Glucan vs Control GroupCR, complete response; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease;SLD, sum of the longest diameters.                   aEach bar shows the results for a single patient.Reproduced with permission from A Braun, MD, PhD.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-620772738\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022\u0026amp;lt;div xmlns=\u0026amp;quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0026amp;quot;\u0026amp;gt;Best Overall Response (Change in Tumor Size) in PGG Beta-Glucan vs Control GroupCR, complete response; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease;SLD, sum of the longest diameters.                   \u0026amp;lt;sup\u0026amp;gt;a\u0026amp;lt;\/sup\u0026amp;gt;Each bar shows the results for a single patient.Reproduced with permission from A Braun, MD, PhD.\u0026amp;lt;\/div\u0026amp;gt;\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/8\/14.2\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/8\/14.2\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/8\/14.2\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/16307\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EBest Overall Response (Change in Tumor Size) in PGG Beta-Glucan vs Control Group\u003C\/p\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003ECR, complete response; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease;\u003C\/p\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003ESLD, sum of the longest diameters.\u003C\/p\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003E\n                  \u003Csup\u003Ea\u003C\/sup\u003EEach bar shows the results for a single patient.\u003C\/p\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EReproduced with permission from A Braun, MD, PhD.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EIn the PGG beta-glucan and control groups, respectively, the median duration of response was 10.3 months and 5.6 months (\u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E\u2005=\u2005.9040); the time to disease progression was 11.6 months and 9.6 months (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.54 to 3.65; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E\u2005=\u2005.5639); and progression-free survival was 11.9 months and 10.2 months (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.49 to 1.54; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E\u2005=\u2005.5901).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003EThe overall survival was a median 11.6 months in the control group and 16.1 months in the PGG beta-glucan group (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.16; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E\u2005=\u2005.1345); the study was not powered to detect a statistical difference in survival between the study groups.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003EThe incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between the treatment arms; however, 37.3% of the PGG beta-glucan cohort and 43.3% of the control cohort discontinued the study due to AEs. PGG beta-glucan-related AEs included chills (13.6%); dyspnea and fatigue (10.2% each); and nausea, pyrexia, and infusion-related reactions (8.5% each). The investigators concluded that PGG beta-glucan showed promise as an adjunct to antibody-based therapies for improving clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2015 SAGE Publications\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/15\/8\/14.2.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzlni2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzlni2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}