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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003ELaquinimod, an oral immunomodulator under development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), reduced whole brain atrophy in the ALLEGRO and BRAVO trials [Vollmer T et al. \u003Cem\u003ENeurology\u003C\/em\u003E. 2012]. This study analyzed the effect of laquinimod on the percent volume change in gray and white matter in the phase 3 BRAVO trial [Vollmer T et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Neurol\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014], using a newly developed, longitudinal image analysis technique.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDemyelinating Diseases\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENeurology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDemyelinating Diseases\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENeurology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENeurology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ELaquinimod, an oral immunomodulator under development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), reduced whole brain atrophy in the ALLEGRO and BRAVO trials [Vollmer T et al. \u003Cem\u003ENeurology\u003C\/em\u003E. 2012]. In the ALLEGRO trial, laquinimod reduced the median percent volume change (PVC) in gray and white matter [Filippi M et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014]. This study, presented by Kunio Nakamura, PhD, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, analyzed the effect of laquinimod on the PVC in gray and white matter in the phase 3 BRAVO trial [Vollmer T et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Neurol\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014], using a newly developed, longitudinal image analysis technique.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EIn the BRAVO trial, 1331 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were randomized to oral laquinimod (n = 434), oral placebo (n = 450), or intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IFN-\u03b2-1a) (n = 447) for 24 months. The PVC from baseline in gray and white matter was measured at years 1 and 2 using pairwise Jacobian integration (PJI) [Nakamura K et al. \u003Cem\u003ENeuroimage Clin\u003C\/em\u003E. 2013]. The subgroup analysis of PVC was based on baseline gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesion counts and the PVC in gray and white matter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EBaseline characteristics were similar among the groups, except for the T2 lesion volume and the percentage of patients with Gd+ lesions, both of which were lower in the placebo group. Baseline normalized gray and white matter volumes were comparable among the groups.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThe mean PVC in gray matter from baseline to year 1 was \u22120.609 with placebo, \u22120.797 with IFN-\u03b2-1a (\u221231% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .004), and \u22120.338 with laquinimod (51% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; .001). The mean PVC in gray matter from baseline to year 2 was \u22121.199 with placebo, \u22121.348 with IFN-\u03b2-1a (\u221212% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .065), and \u22120.862 with laquinimod (28% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E \u0026lt; .001). The mean PVC in gray matter from year 1 to year 2 was \u22120.606 with placebo, \u22120.563 with IFN-\u03b2-1a (7% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .391), and \u22120.574 with laquinimod (5% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .422).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EThe mean PVC in white matter from baseline to year 1 was \u22120.453 with placebo, \u22120.541 with IFN-b-1a (\u221220% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .497), and \u22120.274 with laquinimod (40% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .001). The mean PVC in white matter from baseline to year 2 was \u22120.801 with placebo, \u22120.978 with IFN-b-1a (\u221222% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .180), and \u22120.665 with laquinimod (17% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .011). The mean PVC in white matter from year 1 to year 2 was \u22120.363 with placebo, \u22120.451 with IFN-b-1a (24% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .298), and \u22120.402 with laquinimod (\u221211% reduction vs placebo; \u003Cem\u003EP\u003C\/em\u003E = .949).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EPatients with baseline GD+ lesions had greater decreases in gray and white matter volumes. The treatment effect of laquinimod was consistent within Gd-based subgroups.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EIn this analysis, laquinimod reduced the percent volume decrease in gray and white matter from baseline to year 2 compared with placebo. The overall results were consistent with those in the ALLEGRO trial [Filippi M et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014]. The PJI method was sensitive for detecting treatment effects.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2014 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/29\/9.1.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzp7bp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}