RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
A1 Vinall, Phil
T1 NMS in PD: Dopaminergic and Nondopaminergic
JF MD Conference Express
YR 2014
FD SAGE Publications
VO 14
IS 15
SP 18
OP 20
DO 10.1177/155989771415007
UL http://mdc.sagepub.com/content/14/15/18.abstract
AB The nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and occur across all stages of disease. Often underreported and a key determinant of quality of life, they can occur in conjunction with nonmotor fluctuations (dysautonomic, cognitive/psychiatric, and sensory/pain). NMS in PD may be associated with dopamine deficiency due to degeneration of the substantia nigra, but they may have a nondopaminergic origin as well. This article discusses several of the PD-related NMS, management strategies for patients with PD with nondopaminergic NMS, and the emerging use of animal models to improve treatment of PD-related NMS and learn about early-onset NMS.