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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article presents the results of a study showing that parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus prefer a learner-driven diabetes curriculum that is geared toward their health literacy (HL) needs.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing Diabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group clinical-trial\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENursing\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEndocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Metabolic Syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ECarol J. Howe, PhD, RN, Children\u0027s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, presented the results of a study showing that parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) prefer a learner-driven diabetes curriculum that is geared toward their health literacy (HL) needs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EThe Institute of Medicine defines health literacy as the capacity to obtain, process, and use health information to make health decisions. When children and their parents are taught how to deal with diabetes, they depend on face-to-face communication with diabetes educators. However, according to Dr. Howe, studies in adult patients with diabetes have shown that those with low health literacy are more likely to have problems understanding medical terms and explanations of their condition and the self-care they need to perform at home.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EWith this in mind, Dr. Howe conducted a study to examine and explore how health literacy affects communication in parents of children with T1DM. Parents of patients in a pediatric diabetes specialty clinic in a large tertiary care pediatric center were surveyed. The cohort included parents (n = 162; 81% mothers; 66% white) with a child (mean age, 12 years; range, 2 to 20 years) with T1DM (mean duration of diabetes, 4.2 years; range, 1 month to 16 years). Seventy-three percent of parents had some college education.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThe Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) survey (comprising 15 items over 5 subscale categories) and a semi-structured interview were used to measure the communication process. The Rapid Assessment of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) test was used as a screening tool to assess parents\u0027 medical-related literacy. The REALM test scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 62.8), with 18.5% of parents assessed as having low health literacy. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to examine the relationship between health literacy and communication.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EThere was a negative association between health literacy and the \u201cgeneral clarity\u201d subscale category (p = .05; \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-table-wrap-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-table\u0022 href=\u0022#T1\u0022\u003ETable 1\u003C\/a\u003E). Health literacy was not associated with the other categories such as \u201cexplaining condition,\u201d p = .816; \u201cexplanation of diabetes care,\u201d p = .15; \u201celiciting concerns,\u201d p = .929; and \u201cdecision-making,\u201d p = .681). There was a negative association between number of years of education and black race with \u201cdecision making\u201d (p = .083 and p = .086). There was a positive relationship between the duration of diabetes and \u201cexplanation of diabetes care\u201d (p = .05) and the \u201cdecision-making\u201d aspect of communication (p = .027).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022T1\u0022 class=\u0022table pos-float\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022callout\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EView this table:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/\u0022 class=\u0022table-expand-inline\u0022 data-table-url=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/14958\/expansion?postprocessors=highwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0026amp;table-expand-inline=1\u0022 html=\u00221\u0022 fragment=\u0022#\u0022 external=\u00221\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView inline\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/14958\/expansion?width=1000\u0026amp;height=500\u0026amp;iframe=true\u0026amp;postprocessors=highwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media\u0022 class=\u0022colorbox colorbox-load table-expand-popup\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-tables\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView popup\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/14958\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022table-label\u0022\u003ETable 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EAssociations Between Health Literacy and Communication Categories\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EInterviews were conducted with 24 parents, of whom 11 had low health literacy. Compared with parents who had adequate health literacy, those with low health literacy were more confused by medical terms. There was no difference in information provided by parents of low or adequate health literacy in the \u201cexplain condition\u201d category.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EThe \u201cexplain diabetes care\u201d category consisted of 3 subcategories: what to do versus how to think, teach us at our pace, and how we learn. For the first subcategory, parents with low health literacy were task focused, whereas those with adequate health literacy focused on problem solving. In the second subcategory, low health literacy parents preferred information to be broken down and repeated but not rushed, whereas adequate health literacy parents preferred more detailed information provided at a faster pace. Finally, parents with low health literacy wanted the aid of visual cues, whereas those with adequate health literacy wanted a lot of dialogue in order to understand the reasoning behind the decisions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EIn the \u201celiciting concerns\u201d category, parents with low health literacy wanted further clarification of information, whereas those with adequate health literacy asked questions in order to gather new information. In the \u201cdecision-making\u201d category, regardless of health literacy level, parents wanted the diabetes educator to know their life stressors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EThese data demonstrate that there are differences in communication among parents according to their health literacy. These differences reflect their specific needs with respect to educational content, and the pace and delivery of the information. Dr. Howe concluded that these data provide opportunities for diabetes educators to expand their training in order to communicate in a clear and effective manner and to develop learner-driven, problem-based curricula that utilize a variety of teaching and learning strategies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2014 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/14\/26\/12.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzov22\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_tables.js?nzov22\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}