Summary

Nocturnal noninvasive ventilation (nNIV) is used for treatment of multiple pathologies such as neuromuscular disorders, sleep apneas, restrictive thoracic disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome with the goals of increasing gas exchange, decreasing respiratory muscle fatigue, decreasing stress, and increasing comfort and sleep. This article discusses the basics of nNIV and highlighted areas of emerging research and new challenges in the field, the use of nNIV in patients with heart failure that have sleep-disordered breathing, the efficacy of different modes of bilevel nNIV in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and the use of nNIV in patients with neuromuscular disorders.