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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EObesity is replacing malnutrition as an urgent public health concern throughout Latin America, especially among lower-income populations. This article discusses the adverse consequences of obesity on the cardiometabolic risk profiles in this region.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic Disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EObesity is replacing malnutrition as an urgent public health concern throughout Latin America, especially among lower-income populations. Walmir Coutinho, MD, Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, described the adverse consequences of obesity on the cardiometabolic risk profiles in this region.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EIn Chile, obesity increases with age and is most common among those in the lowest socioeconomic class. The overall prevalence of obesity is 15.7% among men and 23% among women [Jadue L et al. \u003Cem\u003ERev Med Chil Nutr\u003C\/em\u003E 1999]. Rates of obesity are similar among men (16%) and women (23.5%) in Peru, where obesity is also inversely associated with socioeconomic status [Jacoby et al. \u003Cem\u003EPrev Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2003].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ELatin American populations may be particularly susceptible to central fat deposition. Mexican women are significantly more likely than North American women to have central adiposity, particularly when BMI is low. Among those with a BMI of 18\u201325 kg\/m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, 76% of Mexican-American women and 42% of North American women have a waist circumference \u0026gt;80 cm (p\u0026lt;0.001) [ENSA 2000. Mexico]. In Peru, 59% of women and 13% of men with normal body weight have an abdominal circumference that exceeds recommended thresholds, defined as \u0026lt;80 cm for women and \u0026lt;94 cm for men [Jacoby et al. \u003Cem\u003EPrev Med\u003C\/em\u003E 2003].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EDiabetes is also on the rise in Latin America; yet, it remains poorly recognized. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in urban areas is 12.7% in Mexico, 10.7% in Bolivia, and 8.9% in Paraguay. In rural areas, such as Choachi, Columbia, approximately 1.4% of the population has diabetes (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E) [ALAD. \u003Cem\u003ERev Assoc Latinoam Diab\u003C\/em\u003E 2000]. Overall, 30% to 50% of diabetes cases are undiagnosed. In rural areas, where up to 40% of the population resides, the rate of undiagnosed cases approaches 100%.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/11\/2\/17\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Latin American Populations.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-859967786\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Latin American Populations.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/11\/2\/17\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/11\/2\/17\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/11\/2\/17\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/12249\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption attrib\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EPrevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Latin American Populations.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cq class=\u0022attrib\u0022 id=\u0022attrib-1\u0022\u003EReproduced with permission from W. Coutinho, MD.\u003C\/q\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003ECardiometabolic risk factors, such as psychological stress, may have a stronger detrimental impact on Latin American populations. In the INTERHEART Study, the presence of moderate\/severe stress increased the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 54% across all regions (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.71). Specifically, within South America, moderate\/severe stress more than doubled the risk of MI (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.70 to 3.00) [Yusuf S et al. \u003Cem\u003ELancet\u003C\/em\u003E 2004].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EPopulation growth, aging, and urbanization are among the many factors that contribute to a rise in obesity and diabetes among Latin American populations. Managing the emerging obesity epidemic will require education, early diagnosis of diabetes and other risk factors, and aggressive intervention, including increased physical activity and healthier food options, Prof. Coutinho concluded.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2011 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/11\/2\/17.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzn43e\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzn43e\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}