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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EEffects of Growth Hormone on Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Visceral Adiposity was a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether low-dose GH administration would reduce abdominal adiposity and CV risk markers in premenopausal women with reduced GH secretion due to abdominal obesity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EObesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EHormone Therapy\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EMenopause\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EEffects of Growth Hormone (GH) on Body Composition and Cardiovascular (CV) Risk Markers in Women with Visceral Adiposity was a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether low-dose GH administration would reduce abdominal adiposity and CV risk markers in premenopausal women with reduced GH secretion due to abdominal obesity. Miriam Bredella, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, presented findings from the study.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAbdominal adiposity confers a 3-fold increased risk for heart disease in women compared with accumulation of body fat in the gluteal femoral region [Rexrode KM et al. \u003Cem\u003EJAMA\u003C\/em\u003E 1998]. Data also suggest that visceral adiposity may be associated with reduced endogenous growth hormone and that decreased growth hormone secretion may be associated with increased CV risk markers [Utz A et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Clin Endocrinol Metab\u003C\/em\u003E 2008].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EThe study included 79 obese premenopausal women. The primary outcome measure was abdominal fat depots, including: visceral adipose tissue and the muscle area of the mid-thigh, as determined by computed tomography scan; fat and lean body mass, determined by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry; intramyocellular (IMCL) and intrahepatic lipids (IHL), determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); apolipoprotein B (apo B); fibrinogen; tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT); and endothelial function.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EAt 6 months, the mean GH dose was 1.7\u00b10.6 mg\/day. This resulted in a mean increase in the IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fn-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fn\u0022 href=\u0022#fn-1\u0022\u003E*\u003C\/a\u003E) from \u22121.7\u00b10.5 to \u22120.1\u00b11.4 in the GH group. Compared with placebo, administration of GH led to an increase in muscle area (2.0\u00b15.4 vs \u22123.0\u00b16.8 cm\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E; p=0.03) and total lean mass (2.0\u00b11.7 vs 0.1\u00b12.1 kg; p=0.001), and a decrease in the trunk:extremity fat ratio (0.01\u00b10.05 vs \u22120.03\u00b10.06; p=0.006)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EChange in IGF-1 level was associated with a 6-month decrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r=-0.56; p=0.002). This suggested that subjects with the greatest increases in IGF-1 levels had the greatest decreases in VAT. VAT decreased within the GH group, but the change was not significant when compared with placebo.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003ECompared with placebo, GH decreased hsCRP (\u22121.1\u00b11.2 vs 0.07\u00b11.2 mg\/L; p=0.01), apo B (\u22129.1\u00b117.9 vs 6.1\u00b1 17.5 mg\/dL; p=0.005), apo B\/LDL-C (a measure of LDL-C size and atherogenecity) (\u22120.009\u00b10.1 vs 0.1\u00b10.2; p=0.01), and tPA (\u22120.4\u00b15.0 vs 4.5\u00b110.3 ng\/ml; p=0.03). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, fibrinogen, IMCL, and IHL did not change compared with placebo, but IMCL increased compared with baseline in the GH group. No effect on CIMT or endothelial function was observed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EGH increased fasting glucose (2.4\u00b17.2 vs \u22120.9\u00b13.6 mg\/dL) and 2-hour glucose (18.6\u00b132.8 vs \u22120.7\u00b126.7 mg\/dL) compared with placebo (p\u0026lt;0.05), with no difference in 2-hour glucose levels between groups at 6 months. Baseline fasting glucose predicted a 6-month change in 120 minute glucose levels within the growth GH (r=0.48; p=0.01). Five subjects had a 120-minute glucose level greater than 200 mg\/dL, one of whom was on placebo. No subjects had fasting glucose levels \u2265126 mg\/dL. Additional side effects were limited.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EBased on these findings, the authors concluded that GH replacement in viscerally obese premenopausal women has beneficial effects on markers of CV risk and body composition but is associated with a decrease in glucose tolerance in a minority of women.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section fn-group-alt\u0022 id=\u0022fn-group-2\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ENotes\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-1\u0022\u003E\n            \n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-fn-1-1\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003E*\u003C\/span\u003E Note: Another term for SDS is z-score. The IGF-1 standard deviations score, or z-score, is a measure of how normal\/abnormal the IGF levels are compared with a normal-for-age level; eg, an IGF-1 SDS of 0 is normal for age, but a SDS of \u22122 means that the IGF-1 level is 2 SD below the mean.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2011 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/11\/5\/11.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzn20d\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}