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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article reports on results from a 4-week randomized, open-label efficacy trial on the effects of treatment with liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 receptor analog, on insulin dose and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without residual \u03b2-cell function [\u003Ca class=\u0022external-ref external-ref-type-clintrialgov\u0022 href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV\u0026amp;access_num=NCT00993720\u0026amp;atom=%2Fspmdc%2F11%2F11%2F17.atom\u0022\u003ENCT00993720\u003C\/a\u003E; Kielgast U et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Care\u003C\/em\u003E 2011].\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EHyperglycemia\/Hypoglycemia\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes \u0026amp; Endocrinology Clinical Trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EDiabetes Mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EUrd Kielgast, MD, The Panum Institute and Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, reported results from a 4-week randomized, open-label efficacy trial on the effects of treatment with liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 receptor analog, on insulin dose and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with and without residual \u03b2-cell function [\u003Ca class=\u0022external-ref external-ref-type-clintrialgov\u0022 href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV\u0026amp;access_num=NCT00993720\u0026amp;atom=%2Fspmdc%2F11%2F11%2F17.atom\u0022\u003ENCT00993720\u003C\/a\u003E; Kielgast U et al. \u003Cem\u003EDiabetes Care\u003C\/em\u003E 2011]. Findings suggest that treatment with liraglutide reduced insulin dose with improved or unaltered glycemic control.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003ETen T1DM patients with residual \u03b2-cell function (C-peptide-positive) and 19 without (C-peptide-negative) participated in the study. C-peptide-positive patients were treated with liraglutide plus insulin for 4 weeks; C-peptide-negative patients were randomly assigned to either 4 weeks of liraglutide plus insulin or insulin alone (control subjects). The primary outcome was insulin dose over the 4-week study period.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EPatients were recruited through outpatient clinics. Inclusion criteria were age 18 to 50 years, body mass index 18 to 27 kg\/m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, Caucasian descent, diabetes diagnosis between the ages of 5 and 40 years, no known cardiovascular diseases or diabetes complications (except microalbuminuria), remission period that was assumed to have ended, no use of medication that was known to affect glucose metabolism, and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. Participants were excluded if screening revealed previously unrecognized late diabetes complications, autonomic neuropathy, anemia, or HbA1C \u0026gt;8.5%.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EIn Week 0, glycemic control was evaluated through frequent blood glucose measurements, and insulin dose was corrected to ensure the best possible glycemic control before entering the study. Before liraglutide was started, fast-acting insulin was decreased by 50% and long-acting insulin by 0% to 20%. During the next 3 days and again in Week 2, patients received telephone follow-ups, and their insulin dose was titrated up or down to meet predefined criteria for glucose control (premeal 5 to 7 mM), based on daily glucose profiles of no less than 7 points.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EBetween Weeks 0 and 4, insulin dose (U\/kg\/day) in C-peptide-positive patients who were taking liraglutide fell from 0.50\u00b10.06 to 0.31\u00b10.8 (p\u0026lt;0.001) and from 0.72\u00b10.08 to 0.59\u00b10.06 (p=0.01) in C-peptide-negative patients. In C-peptide-negative patients who were taking insulin, there was no significant difference between doses at Week 0 (0.62\u00b10.04) and Week 4 (0.64\u00b10.05; p=NS).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EIn both groups of liraglutide-treated patients, HbA1C decreased between Weeks 0 and 4 from 6.6\u00b10.23 to 6.4\u00b10.3 (p=0.03) in C-peptide-positive patients and from 7.5\u00b10.40 to 7.0\u00b10.1 (p=0.01) in C-peptide-negative patients. In the control group, the change was not significant (7.1\u00b10.1 vs 6.9\u00b10.2). Between Weeks 0 and 4, there was no change in \u03b2-cell function in C-peptide-positive T1DM patients (n=8; 520\u00b111 pmol\/L vs 457\u00b179 pmol\/L; p=0.4).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EFour weeks\u0027 treatment with liraglutide significantly reduced insulin dose with improved or unchanged glycemic control in T1DM patients with and without residual \u03b2-cell function. The decrease was accompanied by a tendency toward reduced hypoglycemia. The treatment effect was larger in patients with residual \u03b2-cell function, some of whom discontinued insulin treatment. Almost all patients who were treated with liraglutide lost weight but also had gastrointestinal side effects. These side effects may limit the usefulness of GLP-1-based therapies in some patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2011 MD Conference Express\u00ae\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/11\/11\/17.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzmy2q\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}