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{\u0022basePath\u0022:\u0022\\\/\u0022,\u0022pathPrefix\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022highwire\u0022:{\u0022markup\u0022:[{\u0022requested\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022variant\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022view\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022pisa\u0022:\u0022spmdc;8\\\/7\\\/20\u0022},{\u0022requested\u0022:\u0022long\u0022,\u0022variant\u0022:\u0022full-text\u0022,\u0022view\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022pisa\u0022:\u0022spmdc;8\\\/7\\\/20\u0022}],\u0022ac\u0022:{\u0022spmdc;8\\\/7\\\/20\u0022:{\u0022access\u0022:{\u0022reprint\u0022:true,\u0022full\u0022:true},\u0022pisa_id\u0022:\u0022spmdc;8\\\/7\\\/20\u0022,\u0022atom_uri\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022jcode\u0022:\u0022spmdc\u0022}}},\u0022googleanalytics\u0022:{\u0022trackOutbound\u0022:1,\u0022trackMailto\u0022:1,\u0022trackDownload\u0022:1,\u0022trackDownloadExtensions\u0022:\u00227z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip\u0022,\u0022trackUrlFragments\u0022:1},\u0022ajaxPageState\u0022:{\u0022js\u0022:{\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/jquery.cluetip.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/lib\\\/jquery.hoverIntent.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/libraries\\\/cluetip\\\/lib\\\/jquery.bgiframe.min.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/highwire\\\/highwire\\\/plugins\\\/highwire_markup_process\\\/js\\\/highwire_at_symbol.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/highwire\\\/highwire\\\/plugins\\\/highwire_markup_process\\\/js\\\/highwire_article_reference_popup.js\u0022:1,\u0022sites\\\/all\\\/modules\\\/contrib\\\/google_analytics\\\/googleanalytics.js\u0022:1,\u00220\u0022:1}}});\n\/\/--\u003E\u003C!]]\u003E\n\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Clink type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThree new mechanistic approaches to this challenge are highlighted in this article, which Illustrates the systemic complexity of glucose regulation. Included therapies are XOMA 052, TANTALUS, and capsulin.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Einsulin\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eobesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eendocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EIllustrating the systemic complexity of glucose regulation, 3 new mechanistic approaches to this challenge were highlighted in the EASD session \u201cNew Treatments in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM).\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E\n         \u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EXOMA 052\u003C\/h2\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EA recent proof-of-concept study has shown that elevated glucose concentrations upregulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1\u03b2 in human pancreatic islet cells (Donath et al. \u003Cem\u003ENEJM\u003C\/em\u003E 2007). These data have been coupled with the observation that there is a concomitant loss of IL-1 receptor antagonist expression in beta-cells of patients with T2DM, which eventually leads to loss of beta-cell function. \u201cThese findings implicate an autoinflammatory process in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes,\u201d said study author Marc Donath, MD, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. \u201cThis identifies the IL-1\u03b2 pathway as a target to preserve beta-cell function.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EProf. Donath reported the interim results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study that was performed in the United States and Switzerland to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of XOMA 052 in a cohort of patients with T2DM.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EStudy participants received a single infusion of XOMA 052, an engineered human anti-IL-1\u03b2 antibody that targets a dysregulated cytokine pathway in T2DM islet cells, or placebo at 6 dosage levels, from 0.01 to 1.0 mg\/kg (n=72; interim analysis, n=48), wherein each subject was evaluated through Day 14 prior to dose escalation. Enrolled patients had to have a duration of disease \u0026gt;6 months, HbA1c levels \u22657.5% and \u226412%, and a BMI of \u226523 and \u226436 kg\/m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E. Exclusive use of oral glucose-control medications was found in 42.5% of XOMA 052 patients, wherein 32.4% used oral glucose-control medications and injected insulin and 12.5% used insulin only. These treatments were continued during the trial.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EResults were reported at 1 and 3 months. Overall, the study drug was well tolerated, and no hematologic or renal function adverse events were reported. One patient experienced a transient hypoglycemic event. Efficacy at 28 days for all doses of XOMA 052, with the exception of the highest dose (1.0 mg\/kg), showed a superior decrease in HbA1c compared with placebo (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E). Insulin release by beta-cells was analyzed at the .01- and .03-mg\/kg doses and was increased by 26% after 28 days and by 52% after 91 days. Data for pharmacokinetics indicate that the \u223c22-day half-life for XOMA 052 is consistent with monthly or even less frequent dosing.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EProf. Donath stated that the next steps in this drug\u0027s development will include finalizing the dose regimen and evaluating XOMA 052\u2032s role in stopping disease progression.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Median Percentage Change in HbA1c at Day 28 With a Single Dose of XOMA 052.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-864684471\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Median Percentage Change in HbA1c at Day 28 With a Single Dose of XOMA 052.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/11254\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EMedian Percentage Change in HbA1c at Day 28 With a Single Dose of XOMA 052.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-3\u0022\u003E\n         \u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003ETANTALUS\u2122\u003C\/h2\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EGastric electrical stimulation with TANTALUS\u2122, an implantable pulse generator, is being proposed as an effective electroceutical method by which caloric intake is reduced in obese T2DM patients. Gastric contractility modulation affects the amplitude of antral contractions, thereby increasing the satiety signal outflow from the stomach to the brain. A signal that is amplified through electrical stimulation has been shown to induce satiation in a dog model (Sanmiguel et al. \u003Cem\u003EObesity\u003C\/em\u003E 2007).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003ETANTALUS\u2122 is a laparoscopically implanted, subcutaneous, programmable device that has 3 bipolar leads that attach to the gastric wall. The device can be programmed \u003Cem\u003Ein situ\u003C\/em\u003E, and the patient recharges the unit once weekly with an external power source.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EData for a study that was concluded in January 2008 were reported by Bruno Guerci, MD, Hopital Jeanne d\u0027Arc, Nancy, France. In this open-label, 24-week investigation, 19 obese patients with type 2 diabetes that was poorly controlled by oral medications were enrolled. Baseline characteristics included an average BMI of 38 kg\/m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, HbA1c of 8%, and disease duration of 6 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EResults of this investigation showed significant reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures at 6 months (p\u0026lt;0.01). Two-hour postprandial glucose levels were not significantly altered (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F2\u0022\u003EFigure 2A\u003C\/a\u003E). However, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced at both 3 and 6 months (p\u0026lt;0.01; \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-2-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F2\u0022\u003EFigure 2B\u003C\/a\u003E). HbA1c levels also were significantly reduced below the target of 7% at 3 months (61% of patients) and 6 months (56% of patients; p\u0026lt;0.01 for both) compared with baseline (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-2-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F2\u0022\u003EFigure 2C\u003C\/a\u003E). There were 5 nonresponders, who later were determined to have baseline triglyceride levels that greatly exceeded those of responders to electrical stimulus but lower weight, BMI and waist circumference, and HbA1c levels at baseline compared with responders. Across the entire cohort, adverse events were minimal, wherein 4 patients had transient infection around the incision site and 2 patients reported nausea and vomiting.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F2\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F2.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Biological Efficacy Evaluation.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-864684471\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Biological Efficacy Evaluation.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 2.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F2.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F2.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 2.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F2.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/11257\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 2.\u003C\/span\u003E \n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EBiological Efficacy Evaluation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-4\u0022\u003E\n         \u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003ECapsulin\u003C\/h2\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003ECapsulin is a formulation of unmodified insulin that is contained in an enteric-coated capsule that protects the active agent from degradation in the stomach and enhances absorption of the drug across the gut wall. This delivery system has the potential to restore glucose homeostasis through hepatic delivery, avoiding peripheral hyperinsulinemia and possibly enhancing patient compliance with chronic treatment. The intended dose is one capsule (150 U) twice daily.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003EAs reported by Timothy Broke-Smith, Diabetology Limited, Cobham, UK, a small phase 2 study of 16 patients was conducted. At study onset, all patients were relatively poorly controlled with oral medications, and at study inception, all medications were withdrawn with the exception of metformin. Patients had a mean HbA1c of 7.4%, BMI of 28.3 kg\/m\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, and age of 60.2 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003EOver a 10-day period, Capsulin was self-administered by patients one hour prior to both the morning and evening meals. Patients also were responsible for self-glucose monitoring.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003EResults showed that daily glucose fluctuations were reduced over the study period, despite 9 of 16 patients having discontinued one or more oral medications. Benefit also was observed in a greater proportion of patients whose postprandial glucose levels fell within the targeted \u201chealthy\u201d range, as identified by the European Diabetes Policy Group (\u0026lt;8.9 mmoL; \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-3-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F3\u0022\u003EFigure 3\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F3\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F3.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Postprandial Glucose Readings.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-864684471\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Postprandial Glucose Readings.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 3.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F3.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F3.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 3.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/8\/7\/20\/F3.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/11259\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 3.\u003C\/span\u003E \n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-18\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EPostprandial Glucose Readings.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-19\u0022\u003ESignificant reductions also were observed for HbAlc, as well as weight and triglyceride levels compared with baseline (p\u0026lt;0.05). No serious adverse events were reported, nor did any patient experience a hypoglycemic episode. No sustained hyperglycemia was observed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-20\u0022\u003EAs this novel formulation is further developed, it will be interesting to see if orally administered insulin and the involvement of hepatic glucose management mechanisms generate long-term therapeutic benefits and whether fixed-dose insulin therapy is feasible in patients with poorly controlled T2DM.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2008 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/8\/7\/20.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzmc31\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzmc31\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}