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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/cdn\/css\/http\/css_Xg7z6oCTVgud_Q0huYz9x9iiD5H_2YPSJ5z2ZViSWdY.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EResults from the European Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Risk [RISC] study suggest that insulin resistance is not the sole underlying driver of cardiometabolic risk. Insulin exposure and obesity are also independent contributors. Furthermore, the lack of physical activity promotes the development of insulin resistance, and total activity of any kind (more than the intensity of the exercise) improves insulin sensitivity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes \u0026amp; endocrinology clinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecardiometabolic disorder\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Einsulin\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EResults from the European RISC (Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Risk) study presented by Mark Walker, MD, Newcastle University, UK, suggest that insulin resistance is not the sole underlying driver of cardiometabolic risk. Insulin exposure and obesity are also independent contributors. Furthermore, the lack of physical activity promotes the development of insulin resistance, and total activity of any kind (more than the intensity of the exercise) improves insulin sensitivity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003ERISC evaluated the relative contributions of cardiometabolic risk factors in a prospective study of 1,308 normal healthy adults (mean age 43; range 30\u201360 years) from 14 European countries. To measure insulin resistance, investigators used euglycemic clamp testing, which measures insulin resistance by balancing insulin infusions with glucose infusions. The participants also underwent oral glucose tolerance tests.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EIn the multivariate analysis, four traits independently predicted the cardiovascular risk score: body mass index (BMI), waist measurement, insulin resistance, and insulin exposure (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/7\/6\/8\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Independent Associations of Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Waist.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-837805117\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022Independent Associations of Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Waist.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/7\/6\/8\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/7\/6\/8\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/7\/6\/8\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/11291\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EIndependent Associations of Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Waist.\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EBaseline BMI and waist circumference were independently associated with most of the conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin sensitivity was positively associated with postprandial free fatty acids, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol, and negatively associated with HDL. Insulin exposure was related to higher levels of heart rate, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, and to poorer lipid profiles. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia were often found in isolation and were not necessarily dependent on each other.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EPhysical activity was quantitatively assessed by accelerometer, which subjects wore for 5\u20138 days. Total amount of physical activity (total counts per day) at the end of 5 days\u2014more than the intensity\u2014was associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity and less arterial wall thickening.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EThe most active patients had the greatest insulin sensitivity. \u201cThe good news is that even for obese patients, this was true, and that you do not have to vigorously exercise to benefit,\u201d Dr. Walker noted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EIn a 3-year follow-up of 784 subjects, 1% of this healthy middle-aged population had developed diabetes, 8% had impaired glucose tolerance, 13% developed hypertension, and 11% developed central adiposity. Impaired beta-cell function was associated with a three-fold risk of developing diabetes or pre-diabetes, and a two-fold risk of developing abdominal obesity at 3 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003ERISC will follow these subjects until 2014 to determine whether insulin resistance at baseline can independently predict cardiovascular disease as measured by carotid intimal thickness.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2007 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/7\/6\/8.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzm7op\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzm7op\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}