Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that control the transcription of several genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Synthetic PPAR agonists have been shown to target some of the maladies in persons that are at extremely high risk for coronary artery disease, such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. These agents have clear anti-atherosclerotic effects by increasing insulin sensitivity and lowering triglyceride levels. Due to their wide-ranging effects, however, elucidation of their overall mechanism and clinical relevance remains a challenge.