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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EPROactive, a prospective, multicenter, randomized, doubleblind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial, compared up to 45 mg\/day of pioglitazone (PGZ) on top of other medication (optimal treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) to placebo in 5,238 patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease. The PROactive study objective was to see if the glucose-lowering agent, already known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors such as HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL particle size and inflammatory mediators, would reduce total mortality and macrovascular morbidity in these high-risk patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eclinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Elipid\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eclinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes mellitus (Diabetes)\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EPROactive, a prospective, multicenter, randomized, doubleblind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial, compared up to 45 mg\/day of pioglitazone (PGZ) on top of other medication (optimal treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) to placebo in 5,238 patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease. The PROactive study objective was to see if the glucose-lowering agent, already known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors such as HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL particle size and inflammatory mediators, would reduce total mortality and macrovascular morbidity in these high-risk patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003ENo prior prospective studies have demonstrated that oral diabetes agents prevent major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes, noted lead investigator professor Erland Erdmann, MD, Universitat zu Koeln, Denmark. Previously reported PROactive results showed a nonsignificant (p=0.095) 10% relative reduction in the primary endpoint of combined all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI (excluding silent MI) and stroke. This substudy analysis, among 2,445 patients (mean age 61.8 years, 8 years since diabetes diagnosis) with MI prior to randomization, included pre-specified measures of time to fatal or non-fatal MI, time to CV death or non-fatal MI, and time to CV death, non-fatal MI or stroke.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cdiv id=\u0022T1\u0022 class=\u0022table pos-float\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022callout\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EView this table:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022callout-links\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/\u0022 class=\u0022table-expand-inline\u0022 data-table-url=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/16074\/expansion?postprocessors=highwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media%2Chighwire_embed\u0026amp;table-expand-inline=1\u0022 html=\u00221\u0022 fragment=\u0022#\u0022 external=\u00221\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView inline\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/markup\/16074\/expansion?width=1000\u0026amp;height=500\u0026amp;iframe=true\u0026amp;postprocessors=highwire_figures%2Chighwire_math%2Chighwire_inline_linked_media\u0022 class=\u0022colorbox colorbox-load table-expand-popup\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-tables\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView popup\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/16074\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022table-caption\u0022\u003E\n               \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003EFigure: Results for Pioglitazone (n=1230) versus placebo (n=1215)\u003C\/p\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EFor fatal\/non-fatal MI, there was a significant advantage for pioglitzone versus placebo (95% CI 0.52, 0.99, p=0.045), and favorable trends for CV death or non-fatal MI (p=0.164) and CV death, non-fatal MI, stroke (p=0.123). In addition, non-pre-specified \u201cexploratory\u201d analyses showed significant pioglitazone advantages for ACS (HR 0.63, p=0.035) and time to composite cardiac endpoint (cardiac death, non-fatal MI, coronary revascularization or ACS) (HR 0.81, p=0.034).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EWhile serious adverse events were reduced in the pioglitazone group (47.2% versus 51.0%), heart failure leading to hospitalization was higher (7.5% versus 5.2%). Misdiagnosis of edema as heart failure, Erdmann speculated, may account for that increase. He concluded that in this population of patients with type 2 diabetes and prior MI, \u201cPioglitazone significantly reduced the risk of a second MI and of ACS.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EErdmann said finally, \u201cAdding pioglitazone to the medication of 1,000 type 2 diabetes patients who have already had an MI (myocardial infarction) will prevent 22 recurrent MI and 23 ACS (acute coronary syndrome) events over 3 years.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2005 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/5\/1\/16.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzm3ze\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_tables.js?nzm3ze\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}