Summary

As second-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, ramucirumab did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in a phase 3 randomized study, but benefit was observed in a selected population with an elevated baseline level of alpha-fetoprotein. The results of the randomized, phase 3 Ramucirumab Second-Line Treatment in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After First-Line Therapy With Sorafenib study [REACH; NCT01140347] are discussed in this article.