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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EImpaired \u03b2-cell function and decreased \u03b2-cell mass due to apoptosis contribute to impaired insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra) can block \u03b2-cell apoptosis, and patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have reduced levels of IL-1Ra expression. This article presents results from a recent study examining anakinra in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eendocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes \u0026amp; metabolic syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes \u0026amp; endocrinology clinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EImpaired \u00df-cell function and decreased \u00df-cell mass due to apoptosis contribute to impaired insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists (IL- IRa) can block \u00df-cell apoptosis, and patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have reduced levels of IL-IRa expression.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAnakinra is a recombinant human IL-IRa that is currently used for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, MD, PhD of the Steno Diabetes Center in Denmark presented results from a recent study examining anakinra in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This was a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled trial conducted at 2 sites, the Steno Diabetes Center in Denmark and the University of Zurich, Switzerland. In this study, 70 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with 100 mg\/day of anakinra via self-administered subcutaneous injection once each morning.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EPatients in this study had type 2 diabetes for a minimum of three months, were obese, and had an HbA1c \u0026gt; 7.5%. People with infectious disease or an immunodeficiency were excluded because IL-IRa therapy is contraindicated in these patients. The treatment period was 13 weeks, with an additional 39 weeks of follow-up. During the study participants continued taking their regular diabetes treatments. The primary endpoint was the change between baseline and end of study HbA1c values. Secondary measures included home fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, \u00df-cell function, and insulin sensitivity. Sixty-four of the 70 patients were included in the analyses, 32 in the IL-1ra group and 32 in the placebo group.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThere were no statistically significant differences in demographics between the two groups. The therapy was well tolerated and there were no differences in adverse events between the groups. The most common adverse event was injection site reaction (10\/32 subjects). Treatment with anakinra reduced the HbA1c more than placebo over the 39 week study period (p=0.02). The change in the 2- hour OGTT plasma glucose in the anakinra group was significantly less than that in the placebo group at 13 weeks (p=0.04). In terms of \u00df-cell function, the change in the area under the curve for insulin during the IV stimulation test was statistically significant, favoring anakinra (p=0.031). There was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the two groups. These results suggest that IL-1Ra is worthy of further exploration in the treatment of diabetes.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2006 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/6\/2\/14.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzlyw3\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}