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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\n            \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EProspective studies of genetic risk for disease are difficult to conduct but can yield unique information on the risk of developing a chronic disease. A group from Sweden undertook a very ambitious project: to prospectively follow over 7,000 adults in order to explore genetic predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes. This article presents data from this group of patients who have been followed for 22 years.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eendocrinology\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes \u0026amp; metabolic syndrome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eprevention \u0026amp; screening\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes mellitus\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes \u0026amp; endocrinology clinical trials\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\n         \n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EProspective studies of genetic risk for disease are difficult to conduct but can yield unique information on the risk of developing a chronic disease. A group from Sweden undertook a very ambitious project: to prospectively follow over 7,000 adults in order to explore genetic predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes. Valeriya Lyssenko, MD, PhD of Lund University in Sweden presented data from this group of patients who have been followed for 22 years. Patients were a randomly selected subgroup drawn from those participating in the Malmo Prevention Project, a large randomized controlled trial aiming to decrease deaths related to cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and alcohol abuse. Patients did not have diabetes at baseline and were followed from 1974\u20131992 with an additional follow up visit in 2002. DNA obtained from the subjects was analyzed for genetic variants. The nine genes that were studied were PPARG, KCNJ11, CAPN10, UCP2, IRS1, PGC1A, PTPN1, ENPP1, and TCF7L2.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAt the follow up visit in 2002, 1,422 (20.1%) of the participants had developed type 2 diabetes. The researchers focused their efforts on these patients to see which genes may have predicted onset of the disease. Three genetic variants were identified that appeared to confer additional risk for developing type 2 diabetes: 2 different polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene (odds ratio 1.40 and 1.52), a KCNJ11 variant (odds ratio 1.23), and a PPARG variant (odds ratio 1.20). A person having all three variants had the highest risk of developing diabetes (odds ratio 2.79; p\u0026lt;0.0001). In this study, certain TCF7L2 variants appeared to influence glucose and insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT; p\u0026lt;0.05 compared to normal controls), indicating that this variant is associated with impaired beta cell secretion. People with the KCNJ11 variant were also found to have impaired insulin secretion during OGGT (p=0.014) and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (p=0.025). Additional analyses suggest that the PPARG variant was associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and protection against diabetes in lean individuals (p=0.004 vs. obese individuals).\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ESo what does this mean for the prevention of diabetes? \u201cWhile theoretically someone could now be tested to find out whether they have these risk-producing genes, that won\u0027t tell you for sure whether you will get diabetes because there are other genes that have yet to be identified \u2014 and genes must interact with environmental factors in order for the predisposition to be triggered and the disease to unfold,\u201d said Dr. Lyssenko. It is her hope that eventually a genetic screening test could be developed to identify people at risk so that interventions could prevent disease onset.\u003C\/p\u003E\n         \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EFor more exciting news about the TCF7L2 variant, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.nejm.org\u0022\u003Ewww.nejm.org\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2006 MD Conference Express\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/6\/2\/11.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzlynp\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}