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type=\u0022text\/css\u0022 rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 href=\u0022\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__ce2QY63WIanKyr8eSq7eavr1XQRRmFD6ZSmwpyJi8lM__zXwFqpqmxrZOXXcd_TpBQpjuELbmIP9wBR5UuTDWAO4__YJWWMMdfCJuAFm5cUEp88OsodhO3ZA-2lzRfoBsSlk4.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-sageoa-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ESummary\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article discusses the increasing global burden of cardiovascular disease and highlights key risk factors in Asia in particular. It also discusses some important interventions that have been initiated in order to reach the World Heart Federation\u2019s goal of a 25% reduction in premature deaths from cardiovascular disease by 2025.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EAsia\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecardiovascular disease\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecoronary artery disease\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ediabetes\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EEmerging Leaders Programme\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ehypertension\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eobesity\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Esmoking\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Estroke\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EWorld Heart Federation\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EWorld Health Organization\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EWHO\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecardiology \u0026amp; cardiovascular medicine guidelines\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ecardiology \u0026amp; cardiovascular medicine screening \u0026amp; prevention\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Ehypertensive disease\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Esmoking cessation\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EThe World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed a target to reduce deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by 25% by the year 2025 (25 by 25), and in conjunction with this, the World Heart Federation (WHF) aims to achieve a 25% reduction in premature deaths from cardiovascular disease \u003Cstrong\u003E(\u003C\/strong\u003ECVD) by this date. A panel of speakers discussed the significant burden of CVD worldwide and highlighted important goals and interventions that aim to achieve this target.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003ECardiovascular Disease in Asia\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EAccording to Cheuk-Man Yu, MD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, CVD-associated morbidity and mortality are a substantial problem in Asia, and their rates continue to rise, along with the cost of managing CVD. In particular, CVD burden and mortality are especially high in Central and South Asia compared with developed countries, he said [Moran AE et al. \u003Cem\u003ECirculation\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EThe relationship between risk factors and CVD is slightly different in Asia than in Western countries, Prof Yu added. Indeed, hypertension (HTN) is increasing in prevalence in Asia, and plays a more significant role in the development of CVD and its associated deaths in this region (\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/a\u003E) [Martiniuk AL et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Hypertens\u003C\/em\u003E. 2007]. Coronary artery disease and stroke (typically ischemic stroke involving large arteries) are 2 other major risk factors [Mehndiratta MM et al. \u003Cem\u003EJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014; Moran AE et al. \u003Cem\u003ECirculation\u003C\/em\u003E. 2014]. In addition, the marked increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mostly reflects changes in lifestyle as a result of economic development [Ramachandran A et al. \u003Cem\u003ELancet\u003C\/em\u003E. 2010; Yoon KH et al. \u003Cem\u003ELancet\u003C\/em\u003E. 2006]. Smoking is also a common health care problem and CVD risk factor in Asia [Martiniuk ALC et al. \u003Cem\u003ETob Control\u003C\/em\u003E. 2006]. CVD risk factor\u2013free adults comprise the minority of the Asian population, he added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/28_suppl_1\/4\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Cardiovascular Disease Deaths Associated With Hypertension in Men and Women in AsiaReprinted from Martiniuk AL et al. Hypertension: its prevalence and population-attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region, J Hypertens., Vol 25, issue 1, Pages 73-79, Copyright \u0026#xA9; (2007), with permission from Lippincott Williams.\u0022 class=\u0022fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-1425009198\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0022\u0026amp;lt;div xmlns=\u0026amp;quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0026amp;quot;\u0026amp;gt;Cardiovascular Disease Deaths Associated With Hypertension in Men and Women in AsiaReprinted from Martiniuk AL et al. Hypertension: its prevalence and population-attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region, \u0026amp;lt;em\u0026amp;gt;J Hypertens\u0026amp;lt;\/em\u0026amp;gt;., Vol 25, issue 1, Pages 73-79, Copyright \u0026#xA9; (2007), with permission from Lippincott Williams.\u0026amp;lt;\/div\u0026amp;gt;\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1.\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/28_suppl_1\/4\/F1.medium.gif\u0022\/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00220 first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/28_suppl_1\/4\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1.\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00221\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/d282kpwvnogo5m.cloudfront.net\/content\/spmdc\/15\/28_suppl_1\/4\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u00222 last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/17005\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1.\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003ECardiovascular Disease Deaths Associated With Hypertension in Men and Women in Asia\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EReprinted from Martiniuk AL et al. Hypertension: its prevalence and population-attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region, \u003Cem\u003EJ Hypertens\u003C\/em\u003E., Vol 25, issue 1, Pages 73-79, Copyright \u00a9 (2007), with permission from Lippincott Williams.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EThe prevalence of these risk factors is also projected to double by 2030, said Prof Yu, adding that the cost burden of treatment for CVD in Asia will also increase accordingly, for both drugs and devices. Consequently, because management of patients with CVD in Asia is largely based on European and American data [Kwong JS, Yu CM. \u003Cem\u003ENat Rev Cardiol.\u003C\/em\u003E 2013], more clinical trials are needed in Asia to help determine the efficacy of specific treatments and define treatment guidelines targeted to Asian patients, he concluded.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-3\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003ECardiovascular Disease in Europe\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EDan Gaita, MD, PhD, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, highlighted the substantial burden of CVD in Europe, where recent data have shown that CVD accounts for about 40% of all deaths in men and even more (49%) in women [Townsend N et al. \u003Cem\u003EEur Heart J.\u003C\/em\u003E 2015].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EAccording to Prof Gaita, although risk factors such as inactivity, HTN, and elevated cholesterol levels are common, obesity and diabetes are the most significant in Europe. He discussed the different aims and prevention activities underway in various European countries in order to help reach the 25 by 25 goal. For example, Ireland has a high prevalence of overweight or obesity (61% to 64%) and smoking (22%). Its future aims, however, are to increase the proportion of people who are healthy at all stages of life, and to have a smoking rate of \u0026lt;\u20055% by 2025. To meet these goals, it has initiated a National Cardiovascular Health Policy (2010-2019), a Childhood Obesity Campaign, and the Tobacco Free Ireland campaign.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EHe also shared some data from Romania, noting that it ranks fourth among European countries with respect to obesity prevalence, and ninth for smoking. Nevertheless, its future aim, in conjunction with the Romanian Heart Foundation, is to reduce CVD mortality by 10% by 2025, to extend cardiovascular health, and to increase quality of life.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EProf Gaita emphasized the value of WHF roadmaps in guiding European countries toward their 2025 targets. This is particularly important because, although the estimated efficacy of CVD treatments is about 75%, this is further reduced by several factors, including patient adherence and lifestyle, he concluded [Perel P et al. \u003Cem\u003EGlobal Heart\u003C\/em\u003E. 2015].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-4\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EThe Role of the WHF in Reducing Premature Deaths From CVD\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EAccording to Johanna Ralston, World Heart Federation, Geneva, Switzerland, the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study data showed that although CVD accounts for about one-third of deaths due to NCDs, \u0026lt;\u20051% of official development assistance funding is assigned to manage CVD. One major reason for this gap is advocacy. She noted that in the global health space, NCDs, including CVD, were omitted from the Millennium Development Goals that were initiated in 2000 to focus donor priorities and funding around key global issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003EConsequently, she added that among other things, the WHF aims to significantly reduce this gap between CVD burden and resources. It is instrumental both as an advocate in the campaign for global action on CVD and in guiding implementation of effective interventions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003ERalston said that the WHF has identified 5 key focus areas as part of its strategy to achieve the WHO\u2019s global target of a 25% reduction in premature mortality due to CVD by 2025:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022list-unord \u0022 id=\u0022list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003EIncreased global advocacy\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003EDevelopment of national plans in priority countries\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-3\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003EDevelopment of the Emerging Leaders Programme, CVD roadmaps, and a CVD prevention course in primary care\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-18\u0022\u003EIncreased focus on rheumatic heart disease\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-5\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-19\u0022\u003EExpansion of the World Congress of Cardiology to become the World Congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health; and the World Heart Day initiative\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-20\u0022\u003EHighlighting the Emerging Leaders Programme, Ralston noted that it aligns with the WHO\u2019s 25 by 25 goal. This initiative comprises a long-term collaboration of CVD experts that aims to achieve the biggest possible improvement in global heart health. The expert group changes each year, and each group focuses on a key priority area. The 2016 program will focus on tobacco prevention and control, said Ralston.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-21\u0022\u003EShe also emphasized that in order to reach the 2025 goal, the WHF\u2019s highest priority targets include HTN (aiming for a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of HTN), secondary CVD prevention (to enable 50% of eligible people to receive drug therapy or counseling), and tobacco control (to achieve a 30% reduction in tobacco use). Success in reaching these 3 targets will save many lives and achieve the WHO\u2019s 25 by 25 target, concluded Ralston.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022copyright-statement\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022copyright-statement-1\u0022\u003E\u00a9 2015 SAGE Publications\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/content\/15\/28_suppl_1\/4.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Summary\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_figures.js?nzlfod\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/mdc.sagepub.com\/sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js?nzlfod\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E"}