Summary
New devices that modulate the autonomic nervous system are being developed to improve outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure for whom optimal medical therapy is insufficient. Devices for baroreceptor activation therapy, vagal nerve stimulation, cardiac contractility modulation, and sleep apnea are now being evaluated in trials and showing promise.
- autonomic dysfunction
- baroreceptor activation therapy
- cardiac contractility modulation, cardiac resynchronization therapy
- chronic heart failure
- heart failure
- sleep apnea
- vagal nerve stimulation
- © 2015 SAGE Publications
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