RT Journal Article SR Electronic A1 Shuman, Jill T1 Innovations in Managing Atrial Fibrillation and Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy JF MD Conference Express YR 2015 FD SAGE Publications VO 15 IS 22 SP 21 OP 22 DO 10.1177/1559897715598302 UL http://mdc.sagepub.com/content/15/22/21.abstract AB Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that presents management challenges to clinicians. Pulmonary vein isolation may help patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF convert to prolonged sinus rhythm. However, patients in need for additional substrate modification will likely require radiofrequency ablation as the preferred ablation technology. For patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac resynchronization therapy may be achieved by simultaneously pacing both the left and right ventricles; endocardial pacing is likely superior to epicardial pacing.